NNetwork: - It is interconnection of devices

NeNetworking:-It is a communication between these interconnecting device it to share network ressources.

Types of networks

Classification is done based upon the geographic area a network span.

(1) LAN: - Local area network: It will span a limited graphical area you can enjoy a good banded in LAN because it provides maximum of 100 mbps.

(2) WAN: - Wide area network: it is spans over a larger geographical area either you can full time or part time connectivity based upon the requirements the maximum bandwidth is two mbps.

(3) MAN: - Metropolitan area network: it can span more than 30 miles and the maxim bandwidth is 55-150 mbps. It works in DQDB architecture (distributed Due Dual Bus).

(1) System

(2) Media

(3) NIC

(4) IP address

(5) O/S

(6) Network devices (hub, switch, and router).

1) Hub: - A hub is a device into which you can connect all devices on a home network so that they can talk together.

2) Switch: - A switch is also a device into which you can connect all devices on a home network so that they can talk together.

3) Router: - Router is device, which allows communication possible between two or more different networks present in different geographical locations.

3) NIC: - The network interface card is frequently called a NIC. It forms an interface between the networked device (computer) and the Ethernet (LAN).

The history of Microsoft N/W operating system.

Windows NT 3.1------1993

Windows NT 3.5------1994

Windows NT 4.0------1996

Windows NT 5.0 was renamed as windows

2000 windows 2003 server also known as net server

Windows NT 5.5 is also called as 2003.

Windows2000 flavors

Windows 2000 professional: - It is a client operating system, which is optimizing for desktop or personnel pc.

Windows 2000 server: - It is server operating system, which is used in small-scale industries.

Windows 2000 advance server: - This operating system we can used medium to large-scale industry or even for business applications.

Windows 2000 data center server: - It is one of the powerful operating system, which is used for huge data transaction like online banking or share marketing.

Windows 2003 flavors

Windows 2003 standard edition:-It is a server operating system, which is used in small-scale industries.

Windows 2003 enterprise edition: - It is used in medium to large-scale industries.

Windows 2003 data center server: - In 2003 flavors, it is also a powerful operating system where it is used in huge data transactions like online banking or atm service.

Windows 2003 web edition:-This operating system is optimized for maintaining web service or web based services.

Features of windows 2003

* Built on NT technology

* Support symmetric multiprocessing

* 30/64 bit operating system

* Supports preventive multitasking

* Highly retable

* Availability

* Scalable

* Easy installation

* Large hardware support/ supports plug and plug

* Inbuilt terminal services

* Active directory

* Secondary logon services

* Improved security

- Kerberos version5

- Internet protocol security

- Support for smart card

* Distributed file system

* Centralized development of applications

* Dns dependency

* Backup on any media

* Supports fat16, fat32, ntfs and efs

* Volume shadow copy

* Remote installation service

* Disk quotas

IP Address

"Internet protocol address"

To identify the systems in the network the basic requirement is IP address. You can identify the systems in the network with IP address.

Two versions of addressing scheme

-IP version 4------32 bit addressing

-IP version 6------128 bit addressing

Total ip addressing scheme is divided into 5 classes

-class A LAN/wan

-class b LAN/wan

-class C LAN/wan

-class D multi casting

-class E R&D (research and development)

Priority bit is the left most bit in the first octet

- Class A priority bit is zero

- Class B priority bit is 10

- Class C priority bit is 110

- Class D priority bit is 1110

- Class E priority bit is 1111

*Class A range 0.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255(0.0.0.0 – global id 127.0.0.1 – loop back address)

* Class B range 128.0.0.0 – 191.255.255.255

* Class C range 192.0.0.0 – 223.255.255.255

* Class D range 224.0.0.0 – 239.255.255.255

* Class E range 240.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255

(255.255.255.255 – broadcast ID)

Octet format

IP address is divided into network & gost portion.

-Class A written as N.H.H.H

-Class B written as N.N.H.H.

-Class C written as N.N.N.H

LOGICAL TOPOLOGIES

(1) Workgroup model or peer – to – peer model

(2) Domain model or client / server model

(1) Workgroup model: - It is a logical grouping systems where you cannot find centralized database or centralized administration workgroup model each and every system going to maintain local database which called as Sam (security accounts manager)

(2) Domain model:- It is a logical arrangement of system in which all the system are main ting common database all the client are depend on the server it is also called as client server model.

Active directory

* Active directory is a directory service, which contains information of all user accounts and shared resources in a network.

* Active directory is a centralized Hierarchical directory database

What is active directory?